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Cyanea kahiliensis

(H.St.John) Lammers (1998)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs, 1–4.6 m tall.

Stems: Stems branched, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades 8–22 cm long, 1–4 cm wide, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong. Apex acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse. Base cuneate. Upper surfaces green, glabrous; lower surfaces pale green, glabrous. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 5–16 cm long, glabrous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 8–10–flowered, axillary; peduncle 10–80 mm long, glabrous; rachis 4–14 mm long, glabrous; bracts 0.6–0.8 mm long, deltate, deciduous, pedicels 8–18 mm long; hypanthium 4–5 mm long, 3–4 mm diam., obovoid, glabrous. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes 0.4–0.6 mm long, deltate or shallowly deltate, distinct or rarely connate, the apex acute, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, 19–25 mm long, white, sometimes tinged greenish or purplish, glabrous; tube 14–16 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm diam. at middle, suberect or slightly curved, dorsally cleft for 1/5–1⁄2 its length; the lobes spreading, dorsal lobes 5–10 mm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, linear or linear triangular, the apex acuminate; ventral lobes 5–8 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, linear triangular, connate at base for 2 4 mm, the apex acuminate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column slightly exserted; anther tube 1.5–1.9 mm diam., the surfaces glabrous; dorsal anthers 5.2–6 mm long; ventral anthers 4.3–4.8 mm long, with tufts of hairs at apex, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filament tube 16–20 mm long, glabrous; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries unknown. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Diverse mesic forest and wet forest.

Elevation Range: 490––800 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Novon 8: 33 (1998)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:483 (K [as Cyanea spathulata subsp. longipetiolata]); Lammers 1998:33/Herbst & Wagner 1999:16 (COMBNOV, Syn. C. s. subsp. longipetiolata = C. kahiliensis, DESCR); Lammers 2004:100 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details steep slopes, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen to 3 m branching shrub, milky juice; flower white Fay, J.J. 149 Kauai BISH 1973-11-09
2 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details high, open Metrosideros forest, rocky slopes Preserved_Specimen 15' rosette tree, sparingly branched Carlquist, S. 1762 Kauai BISH 1965-07-19
3 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Secondary forest to wet, stunted Metrosideros forest. With Syzygium, Scaevola and Dicranopteris. Steep, wooded hillside. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of six ft. Leaves dark, glossy green above, dull, paler below. corolla white, Flynn, T.W. 2379 Kauai BISH 1987-09-30
4 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia-Antidesma rainforest, moss-covered. Associated with Scaevola procera, Psychotria, Labordia, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Euphorbia remyi vvar. kahiliana. Intermediate sun, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Plant 7-12 ft. tall, spread 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 ft., 2-3 heads off main pole, diam. 1 inch; flowers pure white. Early seed set. Colony healthy, along left side of stream for 1 mile; 100+ mature, 100+ saplings, 300+ seedlings. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
5 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet shrubland with small pockets of mixed wet forest below ridgeline with Broussaisa arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana & P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, branched, flowers white, hpanthium green or purplish, common Wood, K.R. 15235 Kauai BISH 2012-09-21
6 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
7 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details open, wet forest Preserved_Specimen ~7' shrub; foliage very pale green, flowers white Herbst, D.R. 2086 Kauai BISH 1971-08-23
8 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen One bush seen in flower Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1982-08-26
9 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrubs of 4 ft.; Flower buds purplish. Opened corolla white with slight purple coloration at base of lobes. Flynn, T.W. 940 Kauai BISH 1984-09-07
10 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest with Labordia degeneri, Cyanea kahiliensis, Cyanea fissa, Melicope waialeale, Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Tetraplasandra waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria marinia. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with fruit. Perlman, S. 22306 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
11 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 197 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
12 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
13 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept shrubland, patches of lowland wet forest, and steep slopes of matting ferns. W/Dicranopteris & Diplopterygium, and with Metrosideros, Cheirondendron spp, Kadua afins, Broussaisia arguta, Psychotria wawrae, Freycinetia, Cyanea kahiliensis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Antidesma Preserved_Specimen tree, 3-4m tall, branched, inflorescence upright with immature fruit purple, commin in area Wood, K.R. 14354 Kauai BISH 2010-10-15
14 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH
15 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
16 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH 1957-01-28
17 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details East facing slopes Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest W/Antidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea kahiliensis weeds: Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen 4 meter ht with fruit Perlman, S. 23768 Kauai BISH 2013-12-04
18 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest and shrubland with Chierodendron fauriei, C. platyphyllum, Bourssaisia arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sanwice Preserved_Specimen tree, few branched, occasional in area, some leaf variability within colony, corolla cream-white Wood, K.R. 15595 Kauai BISH 2013-08-08
19 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros wet cliff With Lysimachia iniki, Lysimachia pendens, Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centranthoides, Bidens forbesii, Pipturus, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Plantago princeps Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 ft ht with flower buds, flowers white Perlman, S. 24162 Kauai BISH 2014-09-30
20 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Steep, densely vegetated slope, about 30' from the summit. Assoc. with Tetraplasandra, Pelea, Scaevola, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Metrosideros, etc. Preserved_Specimen Rranched shrub; flowers white Gustafson, R. 3056 Kauai BISH 1984-07-23
21 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
22 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia-Antidesma rainforest, moss-covered. Associated with Scaevola procera, Psychotria, Labordia, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Euphorbia remyi vvar. kahiliana. Intermediate sun, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Plant 7-12 ft. tall, spread 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 ft., 2-3 heads off main pole, diam. 1 inch; flowers pure white. Early seed set. Colony healthy, along left side of stream for 1 mile; 100+ mature, 100+ saplings, 300+ seedlings. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
23 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris lowland wet forest and shrubland with Cheirodendron fauriei, C. platyphullum, Broussaisia arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwice Preserved_Specimen tree, 3 m tall, 9 -branched, with flower cream white Wood, K.R. 15593 Kauai BISH 2013-08-08
24 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cheirodendron montane mixed wet forest and riparian vegetable with Coprosma waimea, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Melicope clusifolia, Psychotria marinana, Vaccinium calycinum, Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, S Preserved_Specimen Tree, few-branched, corolla white, cf minutifolra-like, occasional with C. fissa and C. hirtella. Wood, K.R. 17454 Kauai BISH 2017-06-27
25 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Windswept shrubland and patches of lowland wet forest. W/Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Pneumathpteris, Machaerina angustifolia, Cheirondendron spp, Kadua affinis, Broussaisia arguta, Psychotria wawrae, Freycinetia, Dubautia knudsenii & D. laxa, Perrottetia Preserved_Specimen tree, 3m tall, few branched, corolla white, hypanthium purple, common Wood, K.R. 14286 Kauai BISH 2010-09-01
26 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kaduya affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen tree, few-branched, 2 meters tall, with fruit, purple, common with C. fissa, C. hirtella Wood, K.R. 15741 Kauai BISH 2013-11-25
27 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen tree, 10-15 branched, 2 meters tall, with purple fruit, common Wood, K.R. 15746 Kauai BISH 2013-11-25
28 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
29 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium w/ Syzygium sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Psychotria wawrae, Machaerina mariscoides, Dracaena aurea, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, S. Mollis, Dubautia pauchiflorula, D. Knudsenii nagatae, Antidesma platyphyl... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 10-branched, in flower and immature fruit, occasional. K.R. Wood 19644 Kauai BISH 2024-10-09
30 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohia-Antidesma rainforest, moss-covered. Associated with Scaevola procera, Psychotria, Labordia, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Euphorbia remyi vvar. kahiliana. Intermediate sun, clay substrate. Preserved_Specimen Plant 7-12 ft. tall, spread 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 ft., 2-3 heads off main pole, diam. 1 inch; flowers pure white. Early seed set. Colony healthy, along left side of stream for 1 mile; 100+ mature, 100+ saplings, 300+ seedlings. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-12
31 Cyanea kahiliensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Phyllostegia, Cheirodendron, Tetraplasandra, Antidesma, Ilex, Psychotria, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Common. Perlman, S. 486 Kauai BISH 1979-09-18
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